An undercover report is a type of *investigative journalism in which a journalist conceals their identity while gathering information, usually by recording audio or video with a hidden camera. It can be used to uncover evidence of corruption, unethical practices, or abuse of power that would otherwise be impossible to discover through regular reporting methods. In countries with weak public record transparency laws or poor source protection, going undercover is a critical tool for journalists.
Undercover reporting can have serious and lasting consequences for those involved, from exposing major breaches of trust to risking the lives of vulnerable communities. It should be a last resort after journalists have exhausted all other open reporting methods. It is important to balance the harms of breaching trust with the potential to expose serious, systematic problems.
It is also important to ensure the safety of all those involved in the report – both those who are being filmed and those doing the filming. Journalists should think carefully about what the risks are and how they can be mitigated, and document this process. It is a good idea to seek out experts in the field and to consult lawyers to help plan and oversee the process.
While many people argue that undercover report is unethical, others maintain that journalists should occasionally use deception to uncover and end injustices. This GIJN guide provides tips from experienced investigative reporters and showcases examples of impactful undercover work that has helped shape perception and prompt change.